Hydrological-drainage analysis in watershed-programme planning: a case from the Deccan basalt,India   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Vijay?Pakhmode  Himanshu?KulkarniEmail author  S.?B.?Deolankar 《Hydrogeology Journal》2003,11(5):595-604

Watershed development in India is being adopted increasingly as an integrated mechanism of addressing ecological concerns, particularly in dryland areas. Increasing groundwater recharge constitutes one of the principal objectives of watershed-development programmes because many parts of India face acute shortages of groundwater resources on which rural livelihood depends. A combination of hydrogeological mapping and drainage analysis can form an important tool for planning of watershed-development programmes. Studies on the Kurzadi watershed from the Deccan volcanic province in west-central India illustrate how this technique is useful in selecting sites for artificial recharge of groundwater.The Kurzadi river basin includes three third-order sub-basins that are compared for relative variability in surface-material permeability. Domains of high surface permeability typically indicate relatively higher length ratios and lower drainage density and stream frequency. In the Kurzadi watershed, drainage parameters reveal areas for recharge-related measures and areas where surface-water augmentation measures can be undertaken, even on lower, second-order streams.

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Resumen En la India, se está adoptando el desarrollo de cuenca de forma creciente como un mecanismo integrado para abordar las inquietudes ecológicas, particularmente en zonas áridas. El aumento de la recarga a los acuíferos constituye uno de los objetivos principales de los programas de desarrollo de cuenca, porque muchas zonas de la India deben afrontar períodos acusados de escasez de recursos de aguas subterráneas, de los que dependen los asentamientos rurales. La combinación de cartografía hidrogeológico y de análisis del drenaje puede significar una herramienta importante para la planificación de los programas de desarrollo de cuenca. Los estudios efectuados en la cuenca de Kurzadi, en la Provincia Volcánica de Deccan (región central-occidental de India) ilustran la utilidad de esta técnica con el objeto de seleccionar emplazamientos adecuados para la recarga artificial de acuíferos.La cuenca del río Kurzidi incluye tres subcuencas de tercer orden que han sido comparadas con respecto a la variabilidad relativa de la permeabilidad en superficie. Los dominios de alta permeabilidad superficial son indicadores típicos de relaciones de longitud relativamente mayores y de menor densidad de drenaje y frecuencia de curso fluvial. En la cuenca de Kurzadi, los parámetros de drenaje revelan áreas de medidas relacionadas con la recarga y áreas en las que se puede emprender medidas de aumento de agua superficial, incluso en cursos fluviales menores, de segundo orden.

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Résumé En Inde, la mise en valeur de bassins versants est en train d'être pris en compte de plus en plus comme un mécanisme intégrateur de problèmes concernant l'écologie, en particulier dans les régions sèches. L'accroissement de la recharge des nappes constitue l'un des principaux objectifs des programmes de mise en valeur des bassins versants, parce que de nombreuses régions de l'Inde doivent faire face à une grave pénurie de ressources en eau souterraine, dont dépendent les moyens d'existence en zones rurales. Une combinaison de cartographie hydrogéologique et d'analyse du drainage peut constituer un outil important de planification des programmes de développement des bassins. Des études sur le bassin de Kurzadi, dans la province volcanique du Deccan, dans le centre-ouest de l'Inde, illustre combien cette technique est utile pour décider des sites de recharge artificielle de nappe.Le bassin de la rivière Kurzadi est formé de trois sous-bassins de troisième ordre dont on a comparé la variabilité relative de la perméabilité de surface. Des domaines de forte perméabilité de surface dénotent bien des rapports de longueurs relativement plus forts et une densité de drainage et une fréquence de cours d'eau plus faibles. Dans le bassin de la rivière Kurzadi, les paramètres du drainage révèlent des zones convenant à des mesures relatives à la recharge et des zones où des mesures d'augmentation de l'eau de surface peuvent être entreprises, même sur des cours d'eau plus petits, de second ordre.

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赤峰地区玄武岩地下水赋存类型及其地电特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

龙凡  韩天成 《水文地质工程地质》2002,29(6):60-63

赤峰地区的新生代玄武岩，大致可划分为玄武岩高台地和高平原、丘陵、掩埋阶地3种地貌形态，该地区的地下水可划分为玄武岩裂隙水，层间裂隙孔隙水和层底砂砾石孔隙水3种类型，并通过实例讨论了各种类型地下水的地电特征，总结出了该地区的电阻率法找水规律。  相似文献   

贵州莲花山背斜金的成矿地质条件分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

刘远辉 《贵州地质》2002,19(4):231-234

作者就多年在贵州西部峨嵋山玄武岩分布区的莲花山背斜构造带从事金矿勘查开发和国土资源大调查工作中的试验和认识，对莲花山背斜的成矿地质条件作了剖析，进而提出了找矿靶区。  相似文献   

青藏高原羌塘中部蓝片岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义   总被引：29，自引：4，他引：29  

邓希光  AnYIN 《岩石学报》2002,18(4):517-525

青藏高原羌塘中部的冈玛日－桃形错地区蓝片岩被认为是板块构造边界的产物，通过对其主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学特征的综合研究，其原岩属于洋岛型碱性玄武岩。再结合该地区的地质研究，表明在该地区存在一个古提斯洋，可以作为晚古生代冈瓦纳与劳亚大陆的分界线。  相似文献   

A Petrographic and Mineralogical Study of Volcanic Rocks from the Mayaxueshan Area, North Qilian Fold Belt, NW China     

HSU Ta-Wei  SHAU Yen-HongDepartment of Marine Resources  National Sun Yat-Sen University  Kaohsiung  China 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(1):15-30

The Ordovician volcanic rocks in the Mayaxueshan area have been pervasively altered or metamorphosed and contain abundant secondary minerals such as albite, chlorite, epidote, prehnite, pumpellyite, actinolite, titanite, quartz, and/or calcite. They were denoted as spilites or spilitic rocks in terms of their petrographic features and mineral assemblages. The metamorphic grades of the volcanic rocks are equivalent to that of the intercalated metaclastic rocks. This indicates that both the spilitic volcanic rocks and metaclastic rocks in the Mayaxueshan area have formed as a result of Caledonian regional metamorphism. We suggest that the previously denoted spilitic rocks or altered volcanic rocks should be re-denoted as metabasalts or metabasaltic rocks. The metamorphic grade of the volcanic rocks increases with their age: prehnite-pumpellyite facies for the upper part of the Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks, prehnite-pumpeilyite to lower greenschist facies for the lower part of the Middle Ordovician vol  相似文献   

表生作用下稀土元素地球化学特征——以海南岛北部玄武岩分布区为例   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

黄成敏  龚子同 《山地学报》2002,20(1):70-74

对海南岛北部玄武岩区岩石-土壤-植物-地下水系统中稀土元素迁移和分布模式的研究表明，随土壤的发育，REE出现分异，LREE逐渐富集；Ce由玄武岩中的负异常向土壤中正异常演化。地下水中REE的含量和分布模式主要受岩石风化和成土作用影响。植物虽对REE具有选择吸收作用，但REE的生物地球化学循环不活跃。  相似文献   

碳纤维微电极差示脉冲伏安法大量抗坏血酸存在下测定痕量多巴胺   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘灵芳  冶保献  李风菊  王业民 《测绘学院学报》2002,19(2):154-156

报导了利用一种特定的电化学方法将自制的碳纤维微柱电极活化 ,可以有效地增强其对多巴胺 (DA)的电化学响应 ,且使抗坏血酸 (AA)和DA的氧化峰电位差达 2 6 0mV ,有效地避免了AA对DA测定的干扰。利用高灵敏的差示脉冲吸附伏安技术使DA的检测限达 4 .0× 10 -8mol/L ,峰电流与DA浓度在 6 .0× 10 -8～ 1.0× 10 -6mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系 ,并且 ,实验过程无需除氧 ,可以满足在体检测DA的各种条件 ,可望用于活体检测。此外 ,还对电极反应动力学进行了初步探讨  相似文献   

深部软岩巷道喷射钢纤维混凝土支护技术   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

周宏伟  谢和平  董正亮  张志林  张敬书  方晓瑜 《工程地质学报》2001,9(4):393-398

针对深部软岩的基本特征, 提出了深部软岩巷道支护的新思路, 即改变现有的锚喷作业顺序, 并通过在素喷混凝土中掺入适量钢纤维的方法来改善混凝土的整体力学性能, 使之更好地适应软岩巷道大变形的需要。借助数值模拟, 进行了支护方案的对比分析, 并提出了合理的支护方案。  相似文献   

Petrology, geochemistry and tectonic settings of the mafic dikes and sills associated with the evolution of the Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin of south India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nilanjan Chatterjee  Somdev Bhattacharji 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(4):433-453

In this article we summarize the petrological, geochemical and tectonic processes involved in the evolution of the Proterozoic intracratonic Cuddapah basin. We use new and available ages of Cuddapah igneous rocks, together with field, stratigraphic, geophysical and other criteria, to arrive at a plausible model for the timing of these processes during basin evolution. We present petrological and geochronological evidence of dike emplacement along preferred lineament directions around the basin in response to stresses, which may have been responsible for the evolution of the basin itself. Basaltic dike intrusion started on the south Indian shield around 2400 Ma and continued throughout the Cuddapah basin evolution and sedimentation. A deep mantle perturbation, currently manifested by a lopolithic cupola-like intrusion under the southwestern part of the basin, may have occurred at the onset of basin evolution and played an important role in its development. Paleomagnetic, gravity and geochronological evidence indicates that it was a constant thermal source responsible for dike and sill emplacement between 1500 and 1200 Ma both inside and out-side the basin. Lineament reactivation in the NW-SE and NE-SW directions, in response to the mantle perturbation, intensified between 1400 and 1200 Ma, leading to the emplacement of several cross cutting dikes. Fe-Mg partition coefficients of olivine and augite and Ca-Na partition coefficient of plagioclase, calculated from the composition of these minerals and bulk composition of their host rocks, indicate that the dikes outside the Cuddapah basin are cumulates. The contemporary dikes may be related by fractional crystallization as indicated by a positive correlation between their plagioclase Ca# (atomic Ca/[Ca+Na]) and augite Mg# (atomic Mg/[Mg+Fe]). A few NW-SE and NE-SW cross cutting dikes of the period between 1400 and 1200 Ma, preserve petrographic evidence of episodic magmatic intrusive activity along preferred directions. Petrological reasoning indicates that a magmatic liquid reacted with a set of cross cutting dikes, intruding into one that was already solidified and altering the composition of the magma that produced the other dike. The Cuddapah basin tholeiites may be related by fractional crystallization at 5 kb and 1019-1154‡ C, which occurred in the lopolithic cupola near the southwestern margin of the basin. Xenolith bearing picrites, which occur near the periphery of the cupola, originated by the accumulation of xenoliths in the tholeiites. This is indicated by the composition of the olivine in the xenoliths (Fo_78.7-81.9), which are closely similar to calculated olivine compositions (Fo_77.8-78.3) in equilibrium with the tholeiites under the sameP-T conditions. It is inferred that fractionation in the cupola resulted in crystals settling on its walls. Hence, the xenolith-bearing sills occur at the periphery of the lopolithic body. The tholeiites both inside and outside the basin are enriched in incompatible elements compared to mid oceanic ridge basalts. The Ba, Rb and K contents of the Cuddapah and other Proterozoic Gondwana tholeiites indicate that a widespread metasomatic enrichment of the mantle source may have occurred between R∼2.9 and R∼2.7Ga. There may be local heterogeneity in the source of the Cuddapah tholeiites as indicated by different Ba/Rb, Ti/Zr, Ti/Y, Zr/Nb and Y/Nb in samples inside and outside the basin. Large-scale differences such as the low P₂O₅-TiO₂ and high P₂O₅-TiO₂ basaltic domains of the Jurassic Gondwana basalts, however, did not exist during the Proterozoic time period under consideration. Although we are beginning to understand the tectono-magmatic processes involved in the evolution of the Cuddapah basin, much work remains to be done to obtain a complete picture. Future research in the Cuddapah basin should focus on obtaining accurate ages of the igneous rocks associated with the evolution of the basin.  相似文献   

Comments on ‘Generation of Deccan Trap magmas’ by Gautam Sen     

H. C. Sheth 《Journal of Earth System Science》2002,111(4):483-485

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